DBMS Interview Questions and Answers

Last updated on Feb 06, 2023
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DBMS Interview Questions

A database management system (DBMS) is a software that was designed for creating and managing the data in the databases. Programmers use DBMS to create, retrieve, update and manage the data with a high amount of efficiency.MySQL,Oracle,IBM DB2,PostgreSQL are the DBMS software. DBMS behaves as a mediator between the user and the database. As a result, the data is organized and is easily accessible to the user. DBMS Interview Questions and Answers we are mentioning below will help you to gain enough of knowledge about DBMS.

Advantages

  • DBMS offers high data security
  • Minimum Data Inconsistency
  • Allows the sharing of Data
  • Automatically does the backup and recovery

Most Frequently Asked DBMS Interview Questions

Here in this article, we will be listing frequently asked DBMS Interview Questions and Answers with the belief that they will be helpful for you to gain higher marks. Also, to let you know that this article has been written under the guidance of industry professionals and covered all the current competencies.

Q1. What is constraints and its types in DBMS?
Answer

Constraints are set of rules used to restrict the type of data that can go into a table, to preserve the accuracy and integrity of the records internal the table.

The different types of constraints in DBMS are as follows:-
  • NOT NULL:-it makes sure that column does not hold a NULL value.
  • UNIQUE:- It invokes a column to have a UNIQUE value
  • DEFAULT:-gives the default value to the column
  • CHECK:-specify the range of values for a column
  • Key Constraints
  • PRIMARY KEY:-it diagnose each and every record in a table
  • FOREIGN KEY:- it points to the primary key of any other table.
Q2. What is aggregate and scalar functions in DBMS?
Answer

Aggregate functions are the calculations on the set or group of value, and they return a single value.

The aggregate functions are :-
  • AVG-- to calculate the average of the data.
  • MAX-- to find the maximum value among the given data.
  • MIN-- to find the minimum value among the given data.
  • SUM-- It returns the SUM of the data.
  • COUNT( )--It returns the total number of value in the particular column in the table.
  • COUNT (*)-- It returns the number of rows in the table even the NULL value.

Scalar Functions are the calculations on the data given by the user, and they return a single value.

The scalar functions are :-
  • UCASE()-- it converts the data into the CAPITAL LETTERS
  • LCASE()-- it translates the data into the SMALL LETTERS
  • MID()-- it extracts the particular text from the given text
  • LEN()—it returns the length of the text in the text files
  • ROUND()-- it round of the decimal number for ex-5.5 to 6
  • NOW()-- it returns the date and time of the system in use
  • FORMAT()-- it formats the field as per the requirement.
Q3. What are different types of keys in Database?
Answer
There are seven types of database keys:-
  • Super Key:- This key recognizes the row in the table.
  • Primary Key:-This key is a column in the table which recognizes each row in the same table uniquely.
  • Candidate Key:-This key does not have any repeated attribute.
  • Alternate Key:- the -The key which is not primary is called Alternate Key.
  • Foreign Key:-This key a column in the table to create a relationship with another table.
  • Compound Key:-This key has various fields which allow the user to identify a particular record uniquely.
  • Composite Key:-This multiple key attributes to identify the rows uniquely.
  • Surrogate Key:-This is an artificial key finds each of the records uniquely.
Q4. What is Database management system and why it is used?
Answer

A database management system is a software which is used to manage the data by efficiently storing, managing and retrieving it along with the high-end security. Some of the database software are -MySQL, Oracle, Sybase, etc.

Uses of DBMS
  • Secure management of data
  • Easy to understand and Implement
  • Data Storage
  • Multiuser interface
Q5. What are the advantages of DBMS?
Answer
DBMS has some of the following advantages:-
  • An amazing decision-making ability
  • Minimizes the data Redundancy
  • Fast searching Capability
  • Low maintenance cost
Q6. Explain the difference between DBMS and RDBMS?
Answer
S.no DBMS RDMS
1. DBMS store data as a file RDMS store data in tabular form.
2. DBMS handle a small amount of data RDMS handle a large amount of data
3. Normalization is absent in DBMS Normalization is present in RDMS

 

This question has always been a center of the discussion in DBMS interview questions.

 

Q7. What is Normalization and why it is used?
Answer

Data Redundancy means when the same data is repeated again and again at multiple locations. As a result, deletion, insertion, and updating of the data become a tedious job and also a lot of space is also wasted. Normalization solves this problem by reducing the data redundancy.

There are 3 types of Normalization:-
  • 1st Normal Form
  • 2nd Normal Form
  • 3rd Normal Form
  • BCNF
Q8. What do you mean by deadlock DBMS?
Answer

A deadlock condition occurs when one task is waiting for the other work to leave the resource which it has a hold. In this current situation, none of the functions gets completed, and the work is always in the waiting state.

Q9. Explain the necessary techniques to control deadlocks?
Answer

There are 3 methods by which deadlocks can be handled:-

  • Deadlock Prevention:-Do not allow the condition that may lead to deadlock.

  • Deadlock Avoidance:- Does not accept the resource request if it can lead to deadlock

  • Deadlock Detection:-Allow the resource request but periodically checks the deadlocks. If found then one of the transaction is aborted.

Q10. What is the language used by most of the dbms?
Answer
There are 4 types of database languages:-
  • Data Definition Language:-It includes CREATE:-Create a new database or table, ALTER:-Alter the existing database or table, DROP: It drops the database, RENAME: Set a new name for the current database

  • Data Manipulation Language:- It includes:-SELECT: Retrieve the data from the database, INSERT: Insert the data, UPDATE: Update the data, DELETE: Delete all the records

  • Data Control Language:-It includes:-GRANT: It gives permission to access the database, REVOKE: Take back the permission to access the database.

  • Transaction Control Language:- It includes COMMIT: It saves the work, SAVEPOINT: It sets a point in the transaction to rollback later, ROLLBACK: It restores since the last commit

Point to be noted: Go through this Q&A very thoroughly as this is one of the critical DBMS interview questions for freshers.

All your questions related to DBMS will be answered in the DBMS interview questions for freshers mentioned below.

Development History

DBMS was designed by Edgar Codd in the year 1970 while he was for working for IBM. The first two database systems created between 1974 and 1977 were Ingres by UBC and System R by IBM

Latest Databases

The latest databases are Oracle, MySQL, and DB2.

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